Developing a FPGA – Supported Touchscreen Writing / Drawing System for Educational Environments
Article Sidebar
Published
Dec 31, 2016
Main Article Content
Abstract
Developments in information and communication technologies have been greatly influential on the practices in all fields, and education is not an exception to this. To illustrate with, computers were first used in computer – assisted education in order to increase the efficiency of teaching process. Recently, computer has contributed more to the field through interactive and smart class applications that are specially designed for classroom use. The aim of this study is to develop a low – cost, portable and projection – supported touchscreen to be used in educational environments by using FPGA technology and to test its usability. For the purposes of the study, the above mentioned system was developed by using the necessary hardware and software, and later it was tested in terms of usability. This usability test was administered to teachers, who were the target end – users of this touchscreen writing / drawing system. The aim of this test was to determine “user – friendliness”, “subservientness” and “usability” of the system. Several tools were used to obtain data from the users that participated in the study. The analysis and evaluation of the data collected revealed that the system has achieved its objectives successfully.
Article Details
How to Cite
TUFEKCI, Aslihan; SAMANCI, Kamuran; KOSE, Utku.
Developing a FPGA – Supported Touchscreen Writing / Drawing System for Educational Environments.
Journal of Multidisciplinary Developments, [S.l.], v. 1, n. 1, p. 60-90, dec. 2016.
ISSN 2564-6095.
Available at: <http://www.jomude.com/index.php/jomude/article/view/19>. Date accessed: 21 jan. 2025.
Section
Natural Sciences - Regular Research Paper
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
References
Aguirre, E. J. F. R., Moreno, J. R. & Franco, M. F. F. (2012). Design and construction of an electrocardiograph prototype with touch screen interface and embedded system with 16-bit resolution, In Proocedings Simposio de Tratamiento de Señales, Imágenes Y Visión Artificial, Stsiva.
Akbaba-Altun, S. (2006). Complexity of integrating computer technologies into education in Turkey, Educational Technology & Society, 9(1): 176-187.
Alsaggaf, W., Hamilton, M. & Harland, J. (2012). Mobile learning in computer science lectures, International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, 2(6): 493-497.
Astell, A. J., Ellis, M. P., Bernardi, L., Alm, N., Dye, R., Gowans, G. & Campbell, J. (2010). Using a touch screen computer to support relationships between people with dementia and caregivers, Interacting with Computers, 22: 267-275.
Barak, M., Lipson, A. & Lerman, S. (2006). Wireless laptops as means for promoting active learning in large lecture halls, Research on Technology in Education, 38(3): 245-63.
Bi, X., Smith, B. A., & Zhai, S. (2012). Multilingual touchscreen keyboard design and optimization. Human–Computer Interaction, 27(4), 352-382.
Bradley, S. L. (2012). Tactile media: Factors affecting the adoption of touchscreen smartphones among consumers with vision loss. Master of Sc. Thesis, Arts (Radio, Television and Film) – University of North Texas, Denton, USA.
Caviglia-Harris, J., Hall, S., Mullan, K., Macintyre, C., Bauch, S. C., Harris, D., Sills, E., Roberts, D., Toomey, M. & Cha, H. (2012). Improving household surveys through computer-assisted data collection: Use of touch-screen laptops in challenging environments, Field Methods, 24(1): 74-94.
Chourasia, A. O., Wiegmann, D. A., Chen, K. B., Irwin, C. B. & Sesto, M. E. (2013). Effect of sitting or standing on touch screen performance and touch characteristics, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 55(4), 789-802.
Colle, H. A. & Hiszem, K. J. (2004). Standing at a kiosk: Effects of key size and spacing on touch screen numeric keypad performance and user preference, Ergonomics, 47: 1406-1423.
Deperlioglu, O & Kose, U. (2013). The effectiveness and experiences of blended learning
approaches to computer programming education, Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 21(2), 328-342.
Dexter, L., Anderson, E. & Becker, J. (1999). Teachers’ views of computers as catalysts for changes in their teaching practice, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 31 (3): 221-239.
Dixon, M. & Prior, M. (2012). Design and usability testing of anonymous touch-screen electronic queuing system: Towards improving patient satisfaction, In Proocedings International Conference in Green and Ubiquitous Technology, Jakarta.
Dogan, H. (1997). Program and Instruction Design in Education, (In Turkish), Onder Publishing, Ankara: Turkey, 87-122.
Faulkner, L. (2003). Beyond the five-user assumption: Benefits of increased sample sizes in usability testing. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 35 (3): 379-383.
Hembrooke, H. & Gay, G. (2003). The laptop and the lecture: The effects of multitasking in learning environments, Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 15(3): 46-64.
Jin, Z., Plocher, T. & Kiff, L. (2007). Touch screen user interfaces for older adults: Button size and spacing. In Universal access in human computer interaction: Coping with diversity (pp.933–941). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
Kose, U. (2010). Web 2.0 Technologies in E-learning. In Free and Open Source Software for E-learning: Issues, Successes and Challenges (pp. 1-23). Hershey, USA: IGI Global.
Lee, A. C. K. (2003). Undergraduate students’ gender differences in IT skills and attitudes, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19(4): 488–500.
Martin, G. L. (1988). Configuring a numeric keypad for a touch screen, Ergonomics, 31: 945-953.
McCormack, C. & Jones, D. (1997). Building a Web-based Education System, Wiley, New York.
Newman, E. D., Lerch, V., Jones, J. & Stewart, W. (2012). Touchscreen questionnaire patient data collection in rheumatology practice: Development of a highly successful system using process redesign, Arthritis Care & Research, 64: 589-596.
Ni, X. & Branch, M. (2004). Experience of using laptop in higher education institutions: Effects with and of ubiquitous computing under natural conditions, Proceedings International Conference of Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Chicago.
Nielsen, J. & Landauer, T. K. (1993). A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems”, Proceedings ACM/IFIP INTERCHI’93 Conference, Amsterdam, 206-213.
Nielsen, J. & Molich, R. (1990). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces, Proceedings ACM CHI'90 Conference, Seattle, 249-256.
Nilson, L. & Weaver, E. (2005). Enhancing learning with laptops in the classroom. In New directions for teaching and learning, no. 101, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Palaigeorgiou, G. E., Siozos, P. D., Konstantakis, N. I. & Tsoukalas, I. A. (2005). A computer attitude scale for computer science freshmen and its educational implications,
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21(5): 330–342.
Rahman, M. M. & Aktaruzzaman, M. (2012). Design and development of a simple low-cost touchscreen to control home automation system, International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science, 11: 26-33.
Raj, T. D. S., Sarah, T., Dhinagaran, D. & Ugargol, A. P. (2013). Design, development and implementation of a touch-screen health information kiosk for patients at the outpatient waiting area in a large tertiary care hospital in India: An evaluation of user satisfaction, Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 7(1): 8-19.
Richey, R. C. (2008). Reflections on the 2008 AECT definitions of the field, TechTrends, 52: 24-25.
Schultz, K. L., Batten, D. M. & Sluchak, T. J. (1998). Optimal viewing angle for touch-screen displays: Is there such a thing?, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 22: 343-350.
Sesto, M. E., Irwin, C. B., Chen, K. B., Chourasia, A. O. & Wiegmann, D. A. (2012). Effect of touch screen button size and spacing on touch characteristics of users with and without disabilities, Human Factors, 54(3): 425-436.
Shervin, N., Dorrwachter, J., Bragdon, C., Shervin, D., Zurakowski, D. & Malchau, H. (2011). Comparison of paper and computer-based questionnaire modes for measuring health outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 93: 285.
Taylor, N. J. (2012). A Near Touch User Interface for Touch Screen Based Systems. Master of Sc. Thesis, Electronics and Computer Systems Engineering – Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Tufekci, A., Ekinci, H., & Kose, U. (2013). Development of an internet-based exam system for mobile environments and evaluation of its usability. Mevlana International Journal of Education, 3(4), 57-74.
Van Braak, J. P. (2004). Domains and determinants of university students self-perceived computer competence, Computers & Education, 43(3): 299–312.
Wilson, K. S., Inderrieden, M. & Liu, S. (1995). A comparison of five user interface devices designed for point-of-sale in the retail industry, Proceedings the Human Factors and
Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting, Santa Monica.
Akbaba-Altun, S. (2006). Complexity of integrating computer technologies into education in Turkey, Educational Technology & Society, 9(1): 176-187.
Alsaggaf, W., Hamilton, M. & Harland, J. (2012). Mobile learning in computer science lectures, International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, 2(6): 493-497.
Astell, A. J., Ellis, M. P., Bernardi, L., Alm, N., Dye, R., Gowans, G. & Campbell, J. (2010). Using a touch screen computer to support relationships between people with dementia and caregivers, Interacting with Computers, 22: 267-275.
Barak, M., Lipson, A. & Lerman, S. (2006). Wireless laptops as means for promoting active learning in large lecture halls, Research on Technology in Education, 38(3): 245-63.
Bi, X., Smith, B. A., & Zhai, S. (2012). Multilingual touchscreen keyboard design and optimization. Human–Computer Interaction, 27(4), 352-382.
Bradley, S. L. (2012). Tactile media: Factors affecting the adoption of touchscreen smartphones among consumers with vision loss. Master of Sc. Thesis, Arts (Radio, Television and Film) – University of North Texas, Denton, USA.
Caviglia-Harris, J., Hall, S., Mullan, K., Macintyre, C., Bauch, S. C., Harris, D., Sills, E., Roberts, D., Toomey, M. & Cha, H. (2012). Improving household surveys through computer-assisted data collection: Use of touch-screen laptops in challenging environments, Field Methods, 24(1): 74-94.
Chourasia, A. O., Wiegmann, D. A., Chen, K. B., Irwin, C. B. & Sesto, M. E. (2013). Effect of sitting or standing on touch screen performance and touch characteristics, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, 55(4), 789-802.
Colle, H. A. & Hiszem, K. J. (2004). Standing at a kiosk: Effects of key size and spacing on touch screen numeric keypad performance and user preference, Ergonomics, 47: 1406-1423.
Deperlioglu, O & Kose, U. (2013). The effectiveness and experiences of blended learning
approaches to computer programming education, Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 21(2), 328-342.
Dexter, L., Anderson, E. & Becker, J. (1999). Teachers’ views of computers as catalysts for changes in their teaching practice, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 31 (3): 221-239.
Dixon, M. & Prior, M. (2012). Design and usability testing of anonymous touch-screen electronic queuing system: Towards improving patient satisfaction, In Proocedings International Conference in Green and Ubiquitous Technology, Jakarta.
Dogan, H. (1997). Program and Instruction Design in Education, (In Turkish), Onder Publishing, Ankara: Turkey, 87-122.
Faulkner, L. (2003). Beyond the five-user assumption: Benefits of increased sample sizes in usability testing. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers, 35 (3): 379-383.
Hembrooke, H. & Gay, G. (2003). The laptop and the lecture: The effects of multitasking in learning environments, Journal of Computing in Higher Education, 15(3): 46-64.
Jin, Z., Plocher, T. & Kiff, L. (2007). Touch screen user interfaces for older adults: Button size and spacing. In Universal access in human computer interaction: Coping with diversity (pp.933–941). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag.
Kose, U. (2010). Web 2.0 Technologies in E-learning. In Free and Open Source Software for E-learning: Issues, Successes and Challenges (pp. 1-23). Hershey, USA: IGI Global.
Lee, A. C. K. (2003). Undergraduate students’ gender differences in IT skills and attitudes, Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 19(4): 488–500.
Martin, G. L. (1988). Configuring a numeric keypad for a touch screen, Ergonomics, 31: 945-953.
McCormack, C. & Jones, D. (1997). Building a Web-based Education System, Wiley, New York.
Newman, E. D., Lerch, V., Jones, J. & Stewart, W. (2012). Touchscreen questionnaire patient data collection in rheumatology practice: Development of a highly successful system using process redesign, Arthritis Care & Research, 64: 589-596.
Ni, X. & Branch, M. (2004). Experience of using laptop in higher education institutions: Effects with and of ubiquitous computing under natural conditions, Proceedings International Conference of Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Chicago.
Nielsen, J. & Landauer, T. K. (1993). A mathematical model of the finding of usability problems”, Proceedings ACM/IFIP INTERCHI’93 Conference, Amsterdam, 206-213.
Nielsen, J. & Molich, R. (1990). Heuristic evaluation of user interfaces, Proceedings ACM CHI'90 Conference, Seattle, 249-256.
Nilson, L. & Weaver, E. (2005). Enhancing learning with laptops in the classroom. In New directions for teaching and learning, no. 101, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.
Palaigeorgiou, G. E., Siozos, P. D., Konstantakis, N. I. & Tsoukalas, I. A. (2005). A computer attitude scale for computer science freshmen and its educational implications,
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21(5): 330–342.
Rahman, M. M. & Aktaruzzaman, M. (2012). Design and development of a simple low-cost touchscreen to control home automation system, International Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science, 11: 26-33.
Raj, T. D. S., Sarah, T., Dhinagaran, D. & Ugargol, A. P. (2013). Design, development and implementation of a touch-screen health information kiosk for patients at the outpatient waiting area in a large tertiary care hospital in India: An evaluation of user satisfaction, Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries, 7(1): 8-19.
Richey, R. C. (2008). Reflections on the 2008 AECT definitions of the field, TechTrends, 52: 24-25.
Schultz, K. L., Batten, D. M. & Sluchak, T. J. (1998). Optimal viewing angle for touch-screen displays: Is there such a thing?, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 22: 343-350.
Sesto, M. E., Irwin, C. B., Chen, K. B., Chourasia, A. O. & Wiegmann, D. A. (2012). Effect of touch screen button size and spacing on touch characteristics of users with and without disabilities, Human Factors, 54(3): 425-436.
Shervin, N., Dorrwachter, J., Bragdon, C., Shervin, D., Zurakowski, D. & Malchau, H. (2011). Comparison of paper and computer-based questionnaire modes for measuring health outcomes in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty, Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 93: 285.
Taylor, N. J. (2012). A Near Touch User Interface for Touch Screen Based Systems. Master of Sc. Thesis, Electronics and Computer Systems Engineering – Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Tufekci, A., Ekinci, H., & Kose, U. (2013). Development of an internet-based exam system for mobile environments and evaluation of its usability. Mevlana International Journal of Education, 3(4), 57-74.
Van Braak, J. P. (2004). Domains and determinants of university students self-perceived computer competence, Computers & Education, 43(3): 299–312.
Wilson, K. S., Inderrieden, M. & Liu, S. (1995). A comparison of five user interface devices designed for point-of-sale in the retail industry, Proceedings the Human Factors and
Ergonomics Society 39th Annual Meeting, Santa Monica.